Witch Hunt by Ian Rankin – Book Review

 

Publisher’s write-up:

‘Witch is a terrorist – on of the best – but this job is going to test even her to the very limit. This time her cold calculation may desert her just when she needs it most.

One her tail are three very different detectives – one woman, two men. Two at the beginning of their careers; one staking a lifetime’s experience on tracking Witch down, following a hunch to the end.

Dominic Elder’s hunch takes him from England to Europe and back, but the clues that solve the biggest crimes, dig out the deepest secrets, are often the smallest ones – ones that only the junior sleuths, fresh out of spy school, pick up. But will he listen?’

Witch Hunt is a spy thriller novel written by Ian Rankin under the name Jack Harvey, a name he used in the 90s for writing thriller novels. This book came out in the 90s and thus, the limitations then must be kept in mind, especially when one of the characters is supposed to be tech savvy.

The story starts with a woman crossing the English Channel in a boat, destroying the boat but deliberately leaving traces behind. Back in the UK, this interests Dominic Elder – a retired MI5 operative, who has a history with the modus operandi of this kind of a crime, a terrorist whom he has codenamed the witch. Elder comes out of retirement and sends the young Michael Barclay off to France to trace the Witch while focusing on what is the terrorist’s intent in the UK. Amidst all this, is also the tussle between different agencies – the MI5, the MI6, local police, the French secret service (DST), etc.

The premise of the plot was interesting and being a crime novel writer, the author maintained the mystery around the Witch character, perhaps a tad too long for a thriller novel. The initial few pages are gripping which kept me curious enough to gather more details about the Witch. However, too many characters were introduced in the initial pages – it took a while for the main character Elder to appear, and then there was Barclay – who reported to his boss Joyce Parry, and on the other side, there were detectives Greenleaf and Doyle, along with several characters introduced on both sides of the English Channel during Elder and Barclay’s travels in England and France, respectively. I could focus only on four characters when it came to their character development and could not devote attention to the principal antagonist, the Witch, either.

Red herrings are great for a police procedural whodunnit novels, but not so for a thriller. Considering the way this novel ended, a lot of events were unnecessary or were mere distractions. This meant that the book need not have been as long as what it turned out to be. I normally enjoy Rankin’s writing, but I realise that it happens when I enjoy the plot along with it, in this book I felt that he was unnecessarily verbose.

This was a book where I felt a good start was ruined by the way it carried on – normally I like plots that revolve around the world and in fact, I enjoyed one of the earlier Jack Harvey thriller novels, namely Blood Hunt, to the extent that I thought perhaps, Jack Harvey is a better writer than Ian Rankin and that thriller novels are his calling. I might try the last remaining Jack Harvey novel in due course but for now, I would prefer going back to his Inspector Rebus novels.

On that note, I would award this book a rating of four on ten.

Rating – 4/10

Have a nice day,
Andy

Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone by J.K. Rowling – Book Review

 

Publisher’s write-up:

‘Harry Potter has never even heard of Hogwarts when the letters start dropping on the doormat at number four, Privet Drive. Addressed in green ink on yellowish parchment with a purple seal, they are swiftly confiscated by his grisly aunt and uncle. Then, on Harry's eleventh birthday, a great beetle-eyed giant of a man called Rubeus Hagrid bursts in with some astonishing news: Harry Potter is a wizard, and he has a place at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. An incredible adventure is about to begin!’

Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone is the first book in the seven book Harry Potter series. Released in the late 90s, this book took the world by storm in the decade that followed – with an active fan base, roaring merchandise sales and a multimillion-dollar movie franchise. Despite all this, this is the first time I am reading this book by myself – this book was read to me when I was a child and thus, I always knew the story from the book, but it has taken several years before I picked it up myself.

Coming to the plot – there is a boy living with his spoiled cousin, uncle, and aunt. It started out as a typical fairy-tale of the oppressed orphan who had a greater calling and was to be guided to it by a guardian angel. And that he was, by Hagrid – the gamekeeper of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry – came to pick Harry up and take him to ‘his world’ the world of magic. His parents were killed by a power hungry dark lord during the wizarding war but surprisingly, had himself incapacitated while trying to kill Harry; thus making him the Boy who lived, extremely famous among wizards for this feat, a fame which to this moment he is unaware of.

The book features Harry’s adventures in his first year of school, where he has two friends, Ron the funny one and Hermione, the smart one – thus forming the triangle of a standard young adult novel. There are various challenges Harry needs to face, adapting to the new world, learning the skills (whilst being a frequent target considering his fame) and of course, terrible things begin to happen at Hogwarts which the curious eleven year olds try to solve.

I would confess that when I was young, I have fantasised a lot of situations from the Harry Potter universe – wishing that my school were like Hogwarts and the amazing world that the wizards lived in. In that sense, the author had done an excellent job in capturing the imagination of the readers and that perhaps explains the fame that this had. We are introduced a fine range of characters with diverse characteristics, Albus Dumbledore – the protective headmaster of the school, the professors McGonagall and Snape; while the former was the disciplinarian, the latter maintained an air of mystery around him throughout the plot. There was Hagrid, who was the caring figure and provided Harry with the sense of family that he never had, and Malfoy – his rival who always seemed envious of Harry and his friends.

It was an engaging plot and certainly a page turner, as the curiosity surrounding the events in the school and also the reader’s quest to learn more about this new world kept me going (or what would have kept me going had I been introduced to it for the first time). While I praised the wide range of characters that were introduced, I also felt that they lacked the layers that normally produce characters whom we love. They were either good or evil and there was nobody in between. For instance, taking the example of Dursleys (Harry’s uncle and aunt) – they did not shy away from the responsibility they felt towards Harry, did not leave him to a foster home / orphanage and did raise him for eleven years. When such options were available to them, their behaviour towards him made no sense unless you buy into the logic that they are ‘evil people’. Same could be said for the other characters who played a negative role such as Draco Malfoy.

Again, I understand that this is a young adult novel and thus, the protagonist who is normally a schoolkid saves the day; however, one must understand that people like Headmaster Dumbledore are presented as infallible and the abilities of the other staff in the school are spoken of very highly. However, despite all this – it falls to the three curious first year students to ‘fix’ everything, which only has one conclusion, the management of the school was not as great as it was projected to be.

Over time, I have been a lot disillusioned with the kind of world that seems to have been portrayed in this universe, but I would address that separately in another article.

To conclude, I would say that it was a fine start to the series – and I would reiterate that it is a standard young adult novel (it is not ageless as the fans claim) and if you like such novels, this is certainly a great series to read and I would say with absolutely certainty that it is better to read the book than to watch the film.

I would rate this book six on ten.

Rating – 6/10

Have a nice day,
Andy

Intimations by Zadie Smith – Book Review

 

Publisher’s write-up:

‘Crafted with the sharp intelligence, wit and style that have won Zadie Smith millions of fans and suffused with a profound intimacy and tenderness in response to these unprecedented times, Intimations is a vital work of art, a gesture of connection and an act of love - an essential book in extraordinary times.’

Intimations is a set of six essays (with one of them having a lot of sub-essays within the essay) from the writer Zadie Smith written during the covid-19 pandemic of 2020. Considering we have lived through this pandemic, with each of us having our own experiences, it was interesting to read what a popular writer had to express during these times.

The book contains essays on diverse topics and are her opinions on various topics, including American exceptionalism, suffering, the strange society where demanding a basic need such as healthcare is deemed ‘radical’, self-hatred, and how the biggest virus threating us is contempt. I liked the essay titled ‘Something to do’ where the author writes about the problem we face during the pandemic – that we are under a compulsion to be engaged in something all the time. And during the pandemic, most of us have had a lot of time (even those who were employed cut down on travel time) and this was an issue that most of us faced and I could completely relate to it. However, what I found interesting was the author making a comparison with artists – that it is a problem that artists have had by nature of their profession and thus, she was familiar with it from before, but this is faced by everyone else at present – it gives us the opportunity to think about it and understand that we do not need something to do all the time.

My favourite essay here was – contempt as a virus – where she explains the contempt we have for certain groups – such as poor or minorities is the most dangerous virus we have at present. It is true that even in the most liberal environments, the locality is deemed unliveable if the percentage of undesirable minorities goes beyond a certain acceptable percentage and thus, are largely homogeneous societies. And this contempt spreads easily – from generation to generation and among peers within a generation – that most parents want their children to be among other children of similar background and not be stricken by the virus of poverty. This is something that everyone is affected by to varying degrees – including you and I.

There were a few essays where I was not sure what she was trying to express, one being Provocation in the Park, where she was disturbed by one of the signs held by a student – she was confused what he was trying to say but then, from what I understood, she never made any effort to talk to him and instead, just chose to write an essay about the placard. The final essay – Intimations too, I did not understand the intent, at first, I understood it to be her version of acknowledgements where she was thanking multiple people in her life, but the list soon becomes very generic and contains several people, including Muhammad Ali.

This is a book relevant given the times we are living in and it is a short read. The proceeds of the book go to a charity in New York and if you are compelled by that cause if not by the book, you are welcome to try it out. On that note, I award the book a rating of seven on ten.

Rating – 7/10

Have a nice day,
Andy

Good Economics for Hard Times by Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo – Book Review

 

Publisher’s write-up:

‘In this revolutionary book, renowned MIT economists Abhijit V. Banerjee and Esther Duflo take on this challenge, building on cutting-edge research in economics, explained with lucidity and grace. Original, provocative, and urgent, Good Economics for Hard Times makes a persuasive case for intelligent interventions toward a society built on compassion and respect. It is an extraordinary book, one that will help us appreciate and understand our precariously balanced world.’

Good Economics for Hard Times is a book on topics of public policy the MIT economists and Nobel Laureates – Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo. The book is split into nine chapters, dealing with the most contentious topics of the day such as immigration, economic growth, healthcare, tax cuts, environmental policy, education, and the impact of behavioural aspects in all of these.

Much as the title of the book suggests that it is a book relating to personal economics/ microeconomics, it is entirely directed towards public policy. The authors analyse various popularly held myths – such as immigration lowering wages, tax cuts leading to higher economic growth, misuse of funds by welfare recipients, etc. Following the election of madman Donald Trump in the 2016 US Presidential Election – the sole talking point for the next four years was the need to address the concerns of the blue-collar workers in the former industrial towns in Wisconsin, Michigan, and Pennsylvania. This was analysed well in this book – about how there is very little that could be done about reviving a declining industry (like coal) but there was an interesting proposition about the government’s need to subsidise the wages of the employees who would be unable to immediately find another means of employment.

The book was very unlike a traditional economics book – wherein the ones proposing the theory is very sure of the list of chain reactions that is going to befall if a policy is implemented; for example, if rent controls are implemented, the rents will naturally rise to the market price and thus, the difference between the prescribed amount and market rate would lead to under table payments and undeclared income – leading to loss of federal revenue. The reality is, we are not sure if that would be the case and that is what is repeated several times in this book – that we do not know for sure what the effects of certain public policy would be, they might succeed sometimes and fail during other times. The authors start by saying that as of today, economists are one of the least trusted professionals after politicians and goes on to explain that economists are not like physicists but more like plumbers which involves a bit of intuition as well as experience. And as members of the public, we often try to draw our conclusions based on anecdotes rather than real data and the reasoning goes along the lines of, ‘I know my neighbour who spends all their welfare money on alcohol and cigarettes – therefore this policy is a failure’ whereas in reality, such persons are a small percentage of the total.

It could be frustrating for many to read ‘we do not know’ so many times for almost every issue but I found that refreshing because as someone who studied economics, I have never met a professor who was not certain of the consequences of a given policy. The goals of the writers seem clear here – it is only to inform the readers what their politicians and ‘experts’ is not based on fact but merely pursuing self-interests (eg – tax cuts).

The political positions of the authors are well known, and the bias is going to be present in the way they present the facts which I do not mind. But there were times I felt they were trying to justify a result which did not match with their hypothesis, which defeats the very purpose of the analysis. For instance – there was an analysis on whether privatisation of schools help and while the conclusion was that there was no evidence of efficient management / higher academic attainment in private schools, there was an exception noted in Libera – where the authors ended up explaining a result which they did not wish to observe.

I would also say that the title of the book is misleading – as the authors do not propose many solutions and thus, there is not much ‘good economics’ involved, merely identification of what is ‘bad economics’. I do not have an alternative to suggest and it is not my place to suggest one either.

This book was far less technical than the previous book of theirs that I read, which was Poor Economics, and I would have liked it better if this book had gone further into the details of each of these schemes and how it affected real people instead of presenting broad statistics. This does challenge a lot of perceptions that we popularly hold and in that sense, I would suggest that this could be read by everyone.

On that note, I would conclude by awarding this book a seven on ten.

Rating – 7/10

Have a nice day,
Andy

Maybe You should Talk to Someone by Lori Gottlieb – Book Review

 

Publisher’s write-up:

‘Meet Lori Gottlieb, an insightful and compassionate therapist whose clients present her with all kinds of problems. There’s the struggling new parents; the older woman who feels she has nothing to live for; the self-destructive young alcoholic; and the terminally ill 35-year-old newlywed. And there’s John, a narcissistic television producer, who frankly just seems to be a bit of a jerk. Over the course of a year, they all make progress. But Gottlieb is not just a therapist–she’s also a patient who’s on a journey of her own. Interspersed with the stories of her clients are her own therapy sessions, as Gottlieb goes in search of the hidden roots of a devastating and life-changing event. Personal, revealing, funny, and wise, Maybe You Should Talk to Someone opens a rare window onto a world that is most often bound by secrecy, offering an illuminating tour of a profoundly private process.’

Maybe You should Talk to Someone is a collection of experiences from the clinical psychologist Lori Gottlieb, the experiences which include her personal struggles, her sessions with patients (I believe the names are changed for confidentiality) and with herself being a patient dealing with a personal situation where she approaches a therapist. The book has four parts – but there is no particular theme for each; and every chapter deals with her session with a particular patient or her experience with her therapist.

The book begins on her personal side, on her unable to deal with the breakup she had with her boyfriend. Through a recommendation from her friend, she meets Wendell Bronson – who is her therapist throughout the book. Her patients include John, a television producer – highly temperamental and to whom most people are ‘idiots’, Charlotte – a young woman who has trouble in her relationship and takes alcohol to cope with it, Julie – a woman in her 30s and diagnosed with cancer and Rita, a 69-year-old who has given herself another year to live. There are a few other patients whom there were passing references but were not repeated.

This book starts with describing what therapy is (and what it is not) – describing her everyday job, her office and how different Wendell’s office was, which caught her off guard at first. This clears scepticism and apprehensions many might have over therapy. Millennials were branded as the therapy generation which I would say is good – and this book can provide an insight into what it means to be in therapy, which could be required given the mental state of many people during the pandemic (across generations). I liked the way how her relationship with her patients progressed – especially the one with John, who seemed impossible to deal with initially but eventually, she could connect with him and looked forward to the sessions with him. It was also the same case with her therapist Wendell, who had often deployed some unorthodox methods to bring her to reality and refused to budge when she wanted someone to confirm her righteousness following the breakup.

Some of the concepts that the book talked about was very interesting – especially the Italy – Netherlands analogy that was used by the writer to one of her patients; when you are in a place you do not want to be (here, the example was – planned a trip to Italy, boarded the wrong flight and ended up in The Netherlands, but the latter is a wonderful place too and must be explored and has a lot to offer and is better to enjoy that rather than brood over what has been missed). The writer herself seems to have had a very interesting life, a single mother – who worked in the entertainment industry, then tried out at medical school before deciding to become a clinical psychologist – and she introduces each of these phases in different parts of the book (non-linear) where the reader could unpack her personality little by little.

My concern with the book was that I felt that it was at times directionless – what was she trying to say through her book? Her personal struggles? The struggles of her patients? Her experience with the therapist? A lot of it was brought out in the initial stages and many phases in between seemed redundant till the end when she decided to reveal the revelations on most of the patients. I also felt that she occasionally engineered a fitting end for each of the characters mentioned in the book – because therapy often requires a lot of time and is a continuing process rather than one that has a definite end. Here, I am making the assumption that the only change the writer has made to these persons are their names, whereas one could speculate whether all of them were fictitious to begin with. The book could have also perhaps had more men, the only men in all of it were John, her ex, Wendell and her son – that could also be because there are more women in the profession and women tend to seek help more than men.

Just to add my opinion, which is not entirely related to the book, is that therapy is something that anybody could benefit from (regardless of whether you are facing mental health issues or not, like how we have a general health check up with the GP even when we are not sick) – and it is good that such books dispel a lot of misconceptions and apprehensions that surround the practice.

To conclude, I would say that the book was a good read, well written and easy to go through for those not in the field, not many technical terms are thrown around. I would award the book a rating of seven on ten.

Rating – 7/10

Have a nice day,
Andy

Don’t be Sad by Aidh al-Qarni – Book Review

Don’t be Sad is an attempted self-help book from the cleric Aidh al-Qarni. While the focus of the book is to urge us to not be sad, the book does touch upon other aspects of life – how to be grateful, how to serve god, how to improve oneself, etc.

I would add the disclaimer that I am an atheist and I did not grow up in an Islamic environment – however, I read the book with no pre-conceived notions and I am mature enough to convert a god inspired advice to a eliminate the elements of god and take in only the good.

The book turned out to be a best seller and was highly popular; I often read reviews that even though the writer was inspired from Islam, this book is appealing to everyone. There are some aspects of religion that I find common across all – an all powerful god who has everything pre-determined, a loving god who has created the entire universe, etc. – so these are aspects that I was not a stranger to even though I was not entirely familiar with the teachings of Islam. People of any faith if they are open enough to read a text from another source can appreciate these aspects. I also appreciated that he tried to encourage people to travel and read.

My laboured effort to say something positive on the book ends here, the book was neither well written, nor edited well and I normally do not mind minor printing errors when the book is good but for a book like this, the least that one could have had was flawless publishing (often had ‘1’ in place of ‘l’). Moreover, there was no clear distinction between when he was quoting from the Quran and when he was giving his own commentary; and for the first few pages – we had text in Arabic and I don’t know why. I do not mind the Arabic as I find the script beautiful even though I can’t read, but the use of Arabic has to be consistent. I found that in the first fifty odd passages and then, it was just lost and there were times where it was nearly impossible to distinguish where he was quoting the verses and where it was a commentary.

Coming to the contents, this is addressed to highly privileged Muslims of the world – where he told his readers not to be ‘sad’ because they have a roof over their head, clothes to wear, water to drink, food to eat, etc. I agree with the reasoning for those who have these privileges (and probably those who are reading this book do) – but then, I don’t think he can say these words with a straight face to the people struggling in Yemen and Syria, the poor in Indonesia, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, etc. (the reason why I picked these states is because the author repeatedly claims that there is nothing to be sad as they are following the one true religion and have all their basic needs covered which is not true for a lot of people in these countries that have a substantial population who adhere to Islam).

I try my best to not bring in logic to a book that fundamentally draws its inspiration from religion but I need to say that this book had instances where it was unintentionally funny; among the many contradictions, I would note one – as to how everything is pre-determined by god so there is no reason to be sad, but that also implies that one being sad at a particular moment is also pre-determined by god and so, why should one resist this pre-determined decision of god to be sad at a particular moment?

It also must be noted that this author is a known plagiarist from with multiple allegations of plagiarism – including for this book (similarities with Dale Carnegie’s How to Stop Worrying and Start Living). There was a comment in his book where he condemned China for use of torture against their prisoners (and claimed they would face god’s wrath); while I condemn those acts too, it was very strange coming from someone in Saudi Arabia – which is known for its record on human rights violations. Moreover, Saudi Arabia claims to do all this in the name of Islam – I am not here to debate whether Saudi Arabia’s interpretation is right, they probably are not – but the least he could have done, if that was his opinion, was to condemn his own country there for misusing Islam for their own political goals (isn’t hereditary succession against Islam to begin with?).

This book can be read if you can overlook him using pejorative terms of people of other religions and countries, if you could overlook misogyny and the obvious logical contradictions. Whether you choose to be sad or not is different, but don’t read this book. I award the book a rating of two on ten.

Rating – 2/10

Have a nice day,

Andy

The Diversity of Life by Edward O. Wilson – Book Review

 

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Publisher’s write-up:

‘In this book a master scientist tells the great story of how life on earth evolved. E.O. Wilson eloquently describes how the species of the world became diverse, and why the threat to this diversity today is beyond the scope of anything we have known before. In an extensive new foreword for this edition, Professor Wilson addresses the explosion of the field of conservation biology and takes a clear-eyed look at the work still to be done.’

The Diversity of Life is a text from the naturalist and biologist, Edward O. Wilson. The book has three aspects to it, the first exploring the origins of life in landmass (the author took the example of Krakatoa), and then explained the various aspects of biodiversity before moving on the human impact on biodiversity.

The author elaborates the importance of biodiversity – and how it helps the ecosystem at large survive. The book is high on detail, at times a tad too high. This was an issue considering I have no background in biology and I last heard words like phylum during high school biology. It was difficult to understand all aspects of the second part of the book. There were illustrations to support the reader but that was not of much help.

However, I enjoyed the third part – mainly because I could relate to it, when the author spoke of the human impact. The author analysed the impact humans have had since the beginning of the race – the impact of their arrival in North America, Australia, etc. which had a direct correlation with a loss of biodiversity. He also explored various economic challenges that we face in the quest to preserve biodiversity – as it is often a choice between livelihoods of people and life of other organisms. The challenge is amplified by the fact that most of the biodiversity is in the developing world and it is a difficult point to sell to not industrialise in the same manner as the developed nations of the past (the author did suggest alternatives).

I found it interesting that our habits when it comes to food has not changed for centuries – and this is an example the author gives as a benefit of exploring biodiversity – as there are several varieties of food which provide additional nutrients, are easier to grow / rear (in case of livestock), etc.

This is a highly informative book that could be enjoyed by people who have some background in the subject. In my case, I do not have any background in biology except up to high school and thus, that was also the downside of the book, that is, this book felt like reading a textbook. Also, this book goes back and forth when it comes to evolution / origin of life and I might have personally preferred if the author had approached a more chronological approach while presenting the facts which would have been easier for me to follow.

I would also need to mention that the book was published in 1992 and thus, the writer was unusually optimistic about politicians’ tendency to accept facts regarding climate change. The author took a pragmatic approach in what he believed were solutions – acknowledging that it is difficult to balance economic development and biodiversity – but believed that politicians regardless of their political view would see the threat of climate change and three decades on, we know that the opposite is true.

Considering the above, I would award the book a rating of six on ten.

Rating – 6/10

Have a nice day,
Andy

Lifespan: Why we Age – and Why We Don’t Have To by David A. Sinclair – Book Review

 

Publisher’s write-up:

‘In this paradigm-shifting book from acclaimed Harvard Medical School doctor and one of TIME magazine’s 100 most influential people on earth, Dr. David Sinclair reveals that everything we think we know about ageing is wrong, and shares the surprising, scientifically-proven methods that can help readers live younger, longer.

For decades, the medical community has looked to a variety of reasons for why we age, and the consensus is that no one dies of old age; they die of age-related diseases. That's because ageing is not a disease – it is inevitable.

But what if everything you think you know about ageing is wrong?

What if ageing is a disease? And that disease is curable.’

This is a book where the biologist for the Harvard Medical School, David A. Sinclair builds the case as to why ageing is not a natural phenomenon but a ‘disease’. The book is split into three parts, with a foreword from the author explaining the painful loss of his grandmother before moving on to the technical aspects of the subject.

The first part deals with what we know (the past) – and it is explanation of what is DNA, what are its components, and what are the damages it incurs during the course of our existence (and could it be fixed?). This was the most technical part of the book and while I understood the crux of it, I do not have the technical competence to fully understand all of it – if you have a background in the subject, you may read those paragraphs in detail. However, I appreciate the author for placing his best efforts to simplify – it was interesting how he wrote single paragraph science fictions during the book to simplify what was ageing and why it was a disease.

The next part is about the present and the research that is ongoing and in particular, his research. He discusses some simple lifestyle changes that could be incorporated to live longer – such as fasting. Many of it was a repetition of his assertion that ageing is a disease, that nobody dies peacefully and that every death is very painful. I found it interesting when he mentioned that the term ‘died of old age’ is used so often in common parlance though that is no medical term – and people die because of failure of some organ, which means all it needs to be done to live longer is to address these problems.

The final part is the author discussing the future – 80 is the current normal for a human being at present. Though immortality is not the author’s immediate proposition, he does assert that for millennials and the generations that follow, living up to 120 may not be rare and explains why this is scientifically possible – that there is no natural age limit for the human body. Much as the author is convinced of the premise, he does not ignore the economic and social problems that this change could bring – should people spend a longer part of their life studying? Should people have to prepare for a second career at the age of 60? What about the impact it would create on societal progress? It was never a case in history that a majority of people who were blocking progress – such as those opposed to women’s rights in the 19^th century, opposed to civil rights in the 20^th century, etc. suddenly changed their opinion after passing of a law, but that they were eventually replaced by the subsequent generations who did not hold their views.  

I appreciated two aspects in this work of the author – despite the subject being highly technical, the author tried his best to simplify for the sake of the readers. At this point I need to mention that there is a co-author, the journalist Matthew D. LaPlante and a lot of the efforts at simplification could have been his inputs. This was unlike the book that I read from Edward O Wilson on Diversity of Life (who was incidentally quoted in this book) – which felt like reading a textbook. The author unlike a lot of scientists, was highly appreciative of his team and till date, I have not read a longer list of names in the acknowledgements section of a book.

This book made me think – about what the increased lifespan could cause – especially what the author presents – one where you not only live longer but also healthier. Considering the progress that we have made in this field over the years, I certainly believe that the author’s prognosis is possible, but it is not a reality that I look forward to. That was another point addressed by the writer that he is an optimist when it comes to the capability of humans whereas his children are a lot more pessimistic about the future, and he does acknowledge that there are a lot of problems which do not have a clear solution at present (e.g., climate change).

There are times I felt that the author was convinced of his own research that he was not willing to consider any cons to his premise. I would have liked it if this book had discussed the scientific reasons on why there could be a problem with the premise. I understand after reading his bio on the internet that his anti-ageing position is controversial among the scientific community. One could also argue about the ethical issues about the nature of some of his experiments – I do not have a clear position on whether scientific progress must be chased at all costs and thus, I was not pricked while reading any of it, but I can imagine why some people might feel uneasy. I did find it rather odd that he analysed the DNA of his daughters to find out that they had a particular gene and if they did not make bad lifestyle choices, they could live till 100 without a problem. However, if one of them did not, how would he have felt with the knowledge that one of them was going to die earlier than the other and not to mention, till the final chapter, I did not know that he has a son, whom he never mentioned – so did he not conduct this analysis or did he not have the particular gene type? I would stop my speculation on this here.

To conclude, I would say that this is a great book providing a new perspective, on a topic that we perhaps do not think much about and the best part is, you do not have to be an expert in the subject to understand the essence of them book (there are sections you might have to skim through). Considering the observations above, I would award the book a rating of eight on ten.

Rating – 8/10

Have a nice day,
Andy

The Fire Next Time by James Baldwin – Book Review

 

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Publisher’s write-up:

‘James Baldwin's impassioned plea to 'end the racial nightmare' in America was a bestseller when it appeared in 1963, galvanising a nation and giving voice to the emerging civil rights movement. Told in the form of two intensely personal 'letters', The Fire Next Time is at once a powerful evocation of Baldwin's early life in Harlem and an excoriating condemnation of the terrible legacy of racial injustice.’

The Fire Next Time is an essay written by the American writer and civil rights activist, James Baldwin. The book comprises two essays, first is a letter written to his teenage nephew – urging him to broaden his outlook and get away from the chains of what the American society has conditioned the black Americans to aspire for (mediocrity and not excellence as he had put it).

The second essay is the majority of the book, where he explores his experience as a black man growing up in the US. The book primarily deals with how the author initially tried to take cover with the help of religion – visiting the local black church and eventually realising the detrimental effect christianity was causing on the black community in the US. The author also describes his meeting with Elijah Muhammad and the Nation of Islam; of which he was soon disillusioned and describes the movement as merely illogical and merely creating a ‘black god’ to counter the ‘white christian god’.

The book is a short but powerful text exploring the life of an average black person during the time and also clearly bringing out the race relations between the segregated communities. He was often critical of the idea of god, the very idea of the US and its ancestors who are dubbed as people who fought for peace and ‘freedom’, the latter being ironic considering how deeply entrenched was the idea of racial superiority; not to mention that slavery was legal not too long ago.

However, I was not in agreement with the author justifying violence; whatever be the reason – and to be fair to him, his arguments were convincing. I must note that he did not directly endorse violence but at the same time, condemned the glorification of the ‘peaceful negro’ as the white people do not want to imagine any threat to their property and wealth.

Another observation which is less to do with the book as such; is that I was uncomfortable with repeatedly seeing the word ‘negro’; I understand that in the 60s that was a word commonly used in formal writing as well, but a footnote from the publisher would have helped to contextualise. I would not be surprised if I quote any line from this book in the future without this context, some white supremacist claiming the word to have legitimacy.

The book was insightful and considering the size of the book, it made us think a lot more about the forms in which discrimination could take place and how from a position of privilege, we can easily brand people as ‘criminals’ whereas in a society that systematically discriminates; there is little incentive to play by the rules. Given the current situation in the United States, with a president (Donald Trump, at the time of writing this review) who refuses to unconditionally condemn white supremacists and kowtows to far right groups, it is important to make people aware of the struggles people have had to come to the situation we have today and that the struggle is far from over.

On that note, I would award the book a rating of eight on ten.

Rating – 8/10

Have a nice day,
Andy

The Maid and the Queen: The Secret History of Joan of Arc by Nancy Goldstone – Book Review

Joan was an illiterate maid from eastern France in the 15^th century. Legend has it that she saved France from English takeover during the Hundred Years War and is one of the figures with most statues around France. But the question remains – how did an illiterate teenager put up such a courageous fight and led the demoralised French forces against all odds (in decisive battles at Orléans, Beaugency, Reims, etc.)? Nancy Goldstone in this book tries to demystify Joan and rationalise the events surrounding her rise.

The first I knew of Joan was when I was a child; while playing Age of Empires II; wherein Joan’s story is one of the campaigns and since then – this history surrounding England and France has always fascinated me. This book does not start with Joan’s origins at Domrémy in eastern France, which was her birthplace, but instead in Aragon (present day Spain). It introduces us to another prominent woman from those times – Yolande of Aragon. The writer builds her case as to how Joan’s whole story was prop used by Yolande for her power grab (coincidentally or otherwise, Joan was from the Duchy of Bar – which was Yolande’s matrilineal place of origin).

To provide a context – the latter phase of the Hundred Years War was effectively a civil war between two factions, the Burgundian faction which had King Charles VI on their side who backed the English king – Henry V’s, claim to the French throne; the other faction known as the Armagnacs – wanted the succession to remain with the Valois family – the King’s son. And what was Yolande’s interest in this? Charles VII, the son of the King was Yolande’s son-in-law.

I would say the book highlights three aspects – the first is to provide us a brief account of the Hundred Years War during the latter phase and in particular – the role of Yolande and her diplomatic skills in bringing various factions together as France was a highly divided country during the time. The second was to demystify the myths surrounding Joan of Arc – while the book certainly portrayed her as heroic – it also emphasised as to how not all on the Armagnac side were in favour / in awe of Joan. The third was also to demonstrate how divided France was and while we might know Henry V’s exploits in the Battle of Agincourt through Shakespeare’s play, he also had the advantage of attacking a country so divided that his victory was not as surprising as dramatisations have portrayed.

I got a good sense of who was Joan of Arc, her motivations, and the legal systems in place in the 15^th century, considering how her trial is one of the most documented events of the era. I also got to know of some interesting anecdotes which I would surely like to read (like the folklore The Romance of Melusine).

My only suspicion is the extent to which the author’s bias has influenced the work. The book has two principal characters – the Maid – Joan of Arc and the Queen – Yolande of Aragon, Queen of Sicily. The book certainly glorifies Yolande a lot, and sometimes I suspected it was far more than her importance in history. Yolande held her court in her castle at Saumur (in the western French region of Pays de la Loire) and after having read the book, I visited Saumur and the castle. The museum in the castle had more mention of René I of Naples than Yolande herself. This was strange as the book was dismissive of René and described him as the incompetent son of Yolande who often needed his mother’s diplomatic skills to bail himself out. Yolande’s name was mentioned in the castle only once and if that is the extent to which her history is savoured in Saumur, I wonder to what extent it remains elsewhere. However, I would also consider that modern French historians are downplaying or ignoring her role during the Hundred Years War.

To conclude, this is one of the most interesting historical accounts that I have read so far, and I would look forward to reading more about the insights I picked up from this book. On that note, I would award the book a rating of eight.

Rating – 8/10

Have a nice day,
Andy

The Satanic Verses by Sir Salman Rushdie – Book Review

Afin de lire mon avis de lecture en français, cliquez ici

Publisher’s write-up:

‘Just before dawn one winter’s morning, a hijacked aeroplane blows apart high above the English Channel and two figures tumble, clutched in an embrace, towards the sea: Gibreel Farishta, India’s legendary movie star, and Saladin Chamcha, the man of a thousand voices.

Washed up, alive, on an English beach, their survival is a miracle. But there is a price to pay. Gibreel and Saladin have been chosen as opponents in the eternal wrestling match between Good and Evil. But chosen by whom? And which is which? And what will be the outcome of their final confrontation?’

The title of the book is known to all, considering the controversy it generated in the late 1980s following its release in the UK. The summary of the events that followed is that a bounty of $1 million was placed on the author’s head by the then Supreme Leader of Iran; and the author had to go into hiding for several years at his residence in the UK. Salman Rushdie is one of my favourite writers regardless of the controversy; of course, I got to know of him because of it considering I was born much after the fatwa from Iran. It took a while to get my hands on this book and it was a book that I searched quite frantically (and wanted to own a physical copy to make a statement).

To introduce the plot; a plane gets hijacked while flying over the English Channel and eventually explodes, presumed to have no survivors. Miraculously, two of the survivors end up in a beach in England, Gibreel Farishta, a popular movie star in India and Saladin Chamcha, a London based radio performer who is blessed with a thousand different voices. But this is where problems begin, while Gibreel reunited with his English girlfriend, he was troubled by hallucinations with a result of him taking up the personality of the archangel Gabriel. Saladin on the other hand, had a troubled past, a present that he is seemingly happy with about to take a turn for the worse. He begins to exhibit personalities of the devil, both in appearance and behaviour. Following a betrayal, Saladin gets arrested for being an ‘illegal immigrant’ as nobody believed his story of survival; and he gets desperate for revenge on those who put him in this state.

The primary theme of this book was one of identity – the two lead characters were of Indian Muslim heritage; with Gibreel known for playing roles in films with religious themes (across all religions) and Saladin craving for moving out of India and completely embracing an English identity. This identity crisis caused problems for them in their relationships, and in Saladin’s case – a lack of acceptance in both India and UK, making him quite the interesting character in the book.

There were also underlying political themes – some of Gibreel’s hallucinations were allusions to then political events, being the Islamic Revolution in Iran (incidentally, there was a fatwa issued later by the very person whom he alluded to). All of the hallucinations were accompanied by Rushdie’s usual writing style and much as it seems a contradiction in terms, ‘subtle yet direct’ – that is, those who are used to reading his works know exactly what he is referring to in each of these events.

The other hallucinations of Gibreel included were on religion and what blind faith does to people. There was a story of an Indian village where a woman with a serious ailment with nothing to lose makes the enter village follow her to a dangerous pilgrimage (of course, the others had everything to lose). The hallucinations also covered how religion was used by those in power only to further their political or business interests.

Considering the complexity of the book, it felt like reading two different books (not entirely disconnected) – one, that is Gibreel’s hallucinations (rather, where he eventually felt they might be revelations) and on the other side, the story in the real world – of Gibreel and Saladin, the one of strained old relationships, stories of love and jealousy and confused identity. The satire involving the cat and mouse chase between evil and good (being Saladin and Gibreel) was well placed and written within the book. If Midnight’s Children was a complex story, this was a plot that I felt was thrice the complexity of his earlier book and is neither a simple read nor a kind of book that lets you give it up after a point.

Rushdie has always admitted to drawing inspiration from Gabriel García Márquez and I saw some parallels to One Hundred Years of Solitude in the book – the political themes (including the conservative – liberal battle), complex family relationships and multiple characters with the same name! There were three characters named Ayesha in this book and I enjoyed each of the characters in their respective parts of the story.

Coming to the controversy as such, I have read several accounts where some have claimed that it was absolutely offensive and others have said there was nothing to take offense to and things were blown out of proportion. In this book, with Rushdie’s subtle yet direct approach, the attack on Islam was apparent and anyone with a broad knowledge of the religion and its practices (which you are likely to have if you have at least one Muslim friend in your circles) would figure out what he is referring to in his allusions. With that said, he never took the name of Islam even though, the name he chose in the made it pitifully obvious – which was a translation of the word from Arabic to English. Thus, I can fully imagine why an even semi-devout Muslim might be offended by this book; but my personal view on this topic has always been that people have rights, the ideologies that they hold do not. And religion is just another ideology and can be criticised like how political ideologies like mocking or making a satire on communism or nationalism. There is every reason why people can feel offended about the book, write bad reviews and urge everyone to boycott the book if the content offends them but the rights stop there; nobody has the right to issue threats or impose bans on a book for mocking an ideology or religion (my opinion differs only if a book / speech urges violent threats against a said group). Much as Rushdie is still alive and writing, unfortunately, many of his translators were not as lucky as he was and that is unfortunate, but I admire Rushdie for not backing down.

To conclude, this was a book where I was overworked in terms of marking interesting paragraphs or quotes for future reading. As aforementioned, this is not a book meant for a binge reading session of eight hours, you are meant to take it slowly and sometimes read it slowly and is probably better enjoyed when read for a second time. I should plan a second reading myself in some time. It was a complex work of fiction but one of the best I have read in recent times, on that note, I would award the book a rating of nine on ten.

Rating – 9/10

Have a nice day,

Andy 

The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins – Book Review

 

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Publisher’s write-up:

‘In the ruins of a place once known as North America lies the nation of Panem, a shining Capitol surrounded by twelve outlying districts. The Capitol is harsh and cruel and keeps the districts in line by forcing them all to send one boy and once girl between the ages of twelve and eighteen to participate in the annual Hunger Games, a fight to the death on live TV.

Sixteen-year-old Katniss Everdeen regards it as a death sentence when she steps forward to take her sister's place in the Games. But Katniss has been close to dead before—and survival, for her, is second nature. Without really meaning to, she becomes a contender. But if she is to win, she will have to start making choices that weight survival against humanity and life against love.’

The Hunger Games is the first book of the Hunger Games universe. It is based in a dystopian setting in the fictitious country of Panem which comprises 12 districts, which resembles the United States there is no reference to it.

The Capitol is a rich metropolis that exercises political control over all the districts and exploits their resources and people. The Capitol organises an annual hunger games event – where 2 teenagers from each district are chosen for a fight to death (similar to gladiatorial games in the Roman Empire). The intention of the event is to remind the districts of their failed rebellion against the Capitol.

District Twelve is a coal mining district and is poor; and in this district lives Katniss Everdeen, who takes responsibility for her ailing mother and young sister; by hunting for food in the forests with her friend Gale. Her life changes forever – when her sister whom she is determined to protect at all costs; is selected as District 12’s tribute for the Hunger Games. This forces Katniss to volunteer herself in place of her sister; while satisfied that she has saved her sister, she has very little hopes of survival in the games.

The very premise of the book was gloomy and darker elements kept being added as the plot developed. Every time when you feel that there cannot be something worse about this world – we are introduced to one – starting from the abject poverty, the suppression, the games; and the fact that the games are a televised even with high viewership. I enjoyed these aspects and could imagine how under imposing circumstances, even in the real world, people are likely to give in (we have had examples in history too) – and this book by itself has allusions to Greek mythology and ancient Roman empire – mixing with the present day reality TV.

While the book started slow, it picks up pace with the start of the Hunger Games where the children from each of the districts start killing each other. However, since I am reading the book now where I know that there are sequels; my thought while turning the pages was ‘how does Katniss survive amidst all this?’ than ‘will Katniss survive?’. Much as it is a universe, the initial few pages had too many characters introduced and even by the end of it only a few characters remained in my mind – the writer has developed the characters of Katniss, her fellow district 12 tribute Peeta and their mentor Haymitch well but other than them, I felt a little overwhelmed by the number of names and the limited significance they had. Katniss in particular – was a rebellious character, till the very end that her refusal to play along the narratives of The Capitol set a good premise for the sequel.

The advantages that the sequel has is that the writer has been very mysterious about this universe – about what was the apocalyptic event or what led to the rebellion against the Capitol in the first place; providing scope for a lot more to be explored in this universe.

To conclude, this book does well in making one’s blood run cold; what is expected of a dystopian novel and sets up an excellent premise for the future novels. The major drawback of this novel other than what has been mentioned earlier is the sheer predictability of the book. I award the book a rating of seven on ten.

Rating – 7/10

Have a nice day,
Andy

White Fragility by Robin DiAngelo – Book Review

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Publisher’s write-up:

‘Anger. Fear. Guilt. Denial. Silence. These are the ways in which ordinary white people react when it is pointed out to them that they have done or said something that has - unintentionally - caused racial offence or hurt. After, all, a racist is the worst thing a person can be, right? But these reactions only serve to silence people of colour, who cannot give honest feedback to 'liberal' white people lest they provoke a dangerous emotional reaction.’

With the #BlackLivesMatter protest gaining traction with the recent events of police brutality in the US – the murder of George Floyd; it seemed appropriate to read about discrimination and racism to keep oneself better informed. The book is from a US perspective but the concept the author discusses can be applied anywhere as no part of the world is free from discrimination (some more than others).

The crux of the book is her establishment of the concept called white fragility – wherein, white people become defensive when confronted about potential privileges they have had or the racism that prevails in the society and even casual racist behaviour from them (intentional or not is a different debate). She discusses the discrimination people face institutionally and at the level of society. The book also aims at dispelling myths such as white supremacy need not emanate only from members of the ku klux klan but is ingrained in the society. Individualism – a basic tenet of the western society has ensured that it is very difficult to discuss discriminatory behaviour collectively considering the binaries established and people seeing themselves only as individuals – which in effect makes white fragility a very effective defence mechanism.

The book brings into light so many facts and behaviours exhibited by people. Someone people might react with awe, some with shock and a few might even be offended as the book’s underlying premise is that if you are white, there are privileges associated with it and the racism collectively followed has enabled the white person to rise; thereby accusing every person of being part of white supremacist behaviour (replace white with the dominant group in the place you live and it would still work). The prime message of the book is to keep oneself informed of the potential avenues of discrimination a black person might face and urges us to listen to them when they express their hardships rather than dismiss their journey or getting defensive.

One issue many moderates or even progressives might have had with her approach was an excessive finger pointing – if you are white, you are a white supremacist because the society has conditioned you that way. While it is true that the progressive white person whom in their private life is vocal about being anti-racist needs to evaluate their white privilege and acknowledge how consciously or inadvertently they might have been part of the behaviour exhibited by the community as a whole. But it is expected that when a charge so grave is made, the person is likely to be defensive and it defeats the very purpose of the author trying to make people realise the unintentional acts of discrimination that white people indulge in.

Very often, she changed definitions – to me, white supremacy means, to me racism means, etc. I always have an issue with writers changing the meanings of existing words / concepts to build their case. If there is a new definition, express it using new words – white fragility is a welcome example.

Her solution of acknowledging a belonging to the community was not convincing to me; for sure, people must evaluate the situation in the society, the privileges that they have acquired and the benefits that have accrued to an individual by being part of a community despite consciously not adhering to its values. Taking my own example, I come from a privileged community that has had a history of discriminating against the masses and effects continue to this date, but it is not an identity that I am proud of nor is it something that I would like to brandish. I would prefer to stick to individualism while acknowledging my benefits and hardships of others (which I used to refuse when I was in my late teens).

The book is informative, insightful and the urge to understand historical context was explained well (Re: Chapter in the book – White woman’s tears). While this book is specific to US, it can be extrapolated to other parts of the world. On that note, I would award this book a rating of seven on ten.

Rating – 7/10

Have a nice day,
Andy

Trick Mirror by Jia Tolentino – Book Review

Publisher’s write-up:

‘We are living in the era of the self, in an era of malleable truth and widespread personal and political delusion. In these nine interlinked essays, Jia Tolentino, the New Yorker’s brightest young talent, explores her own coming of age in this warped and confusing landscape.

From the rise of the internet to her own appearance on an early reality TV show; from her experiences of ecstasy – both religious and chemical – to her uneasy engagement with our culture’s endless drive towards ‘self-optimisation’; from the phenomenon of the successful American scammer to her generation’s obsession with extravagant weddings, Jia Tolentino writes with style, humour and a fierce clarity about these strangest of times.’

Trick Mirror is a collection of essays from Jia Tolentino, who is currently (May 2020) a staff writer for The New Yorker. The essays are supposed to reflections on self-delusion. The topics covered over the course of the essays are the internet and social media at large, reality shows, stereotypes surrounding women, the economy and the origins of extravagant weddings and the culture in some of the universities in US (racial divides, the rape culture – with particular focus on the university where she studied, University of Virginia).

To add a bit of context to her essays, Tolentino is of Filipino origin and grew up in Texas. The first essay on the internet and the culture that is in the internet today was brought out – about how speech that is no longer considered acceptable in public has now found itself a platform on the internet like the Gamergate scandal. She herself was a former employee for internet-based platforms such as The Hairpin and Jezebel. With that said, this was the only essay that was even remotely interesting.

Talking of the internet, we have the term called ‘clickbaits’ and talking of those, the cover of this book is the ultimate clickbait or pickbait (depending on whichever format of the book you chose – digital or print) ; as the cover gives us a passing impression of talking of self-delusions in general; of course, authors corroborate their assertions with their personal experiences. However, here I was effectively reading a diary or at best, a personal blog of someone with a penchant for writing and has opinions on various topics. There is nothing wrong in either of those, but I would not have put up a misleading title; but of course, Trick Mirror: My opinions on various topics is far less impressive than what she put out.

We often observe that a like or dislike for a non-fiction book is often linked to one’s own positions on the issues. In this case, if any, what I faced was an issue of confirmation bias because from what I could reckon, the author and I are politically aligned on most issues. The book contained a several discrete topics, some talking of scams in general (and not linked to her personally) – but the problem with that was all of which she picked up was so widely covered in the media and also in popular culture – with films and documentaries in Netflix and thus, there was nothing new we were getting out of reading these sections.

Her essay – Pure Heroines, her observation that heroines in fiction needed an element of trauma in the past; I found it to be a common feature across leads in fiction (regardless of whether they were male or female). A common theme in a lot of these stories is how they were coping despite the odds against them and thus, has an element of trauma present (orphaned at a young age, divorce or death of a family member, personal trauma, etc. ). She quoted several books in this chapter and I have good reason to believe that she has not read some of them considering a few references were factually incorrect.

I shall not get deep into where I disagreed with her analysis in the essays because a difference of opinion is to do with an individual and does not impact the value of the book.

My relationship with the book was weird, at no point was I entirely bored and it could often be interesting to read the diary (with consent, of course!) or personal blogs of others. That was not the objective of the book or the projection; her essays were supposed to reflect self-delusions and what I got in exchange was random opinions on various topics.

I extended a benefit of doubt till I read the acknowledgements; that she had probably written these essays at different points of time and compiled all of them into this book. But then, she had disclosed in the acknowledgements section that all the essays were specifically written for this book.

To sum up, for all her talk against toxic capitalism and the internet business models based on user engagement – here is her book, one that merely grabs attention. The essays were disconnected, an expression of personal opinions of issues she feels strongly about (with little connection to the title). I enjoy some of the long reads from The New Yorker, but I have never read one from Tolentino – this book might interest those who know her through her works for the magazine. 

I award the book a rating of two on ten.

Rating – 2/10

Have a nice day,
Andy

Poor Economics by Abhijit V. Banerjee and Esther Duflo – Book Review

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Publisher’s write-up:

‘Why would a man in Morocco who doesn’t have enough to eat buy a television? Why do the poorest in India spend 7 per cent of their food budget on sugar?

This eye-opening book overturns the myths about what it is like to live on very little, revealing the unexpected decisions that millions of people make every day.’

Poor Economics was written in 2011 by MIT economists Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo, years before they were eventually awarded the Nobel prize. This book explores the life of the poor in developing countries, with samples mainly from India, Indonesia, Kenya and a few from Latin America. The book is split into two parts – Private Lives where the authors explore the lives and management of personal finances of the poor – the classic question of ‘how do you live with 99 cents a day?’ ; and the latter that focuses on institutions, both government and private (like microfinance).

The economists were known for implementing their randomised controlled trials, used primarily in medicine in the field of economics. We do not have clear answers as to whether welfare schemes or other public policies work and despite that, economists and people in general have strong views on their effectiveness. To explore the same, the authors use randomised controlled trials across various parts of the developing world.

The question that authors explore is the existence of poverty trap – wherein, if people are within the poverty trap, they would never be able to reach levels of income that could help them escape this trap. Economists have conflicting views on this subject where some deny the existence of this trap. The authors discuss the results of the trials he conducted on people escaping the poverty trap.

We have certain fundamental notions that in developing economies – being sent to school and higher income levels could be a panacea to the problem of poverty. However, many children who have been through several years of education in Kenya or India are unable to read a basic paragraph in any language (their native language or the lingua franca). Similar issues were noticed in terms of rising income levels – where people were not consuming more calories, but were preferring to have tastier food (high spending on sugar, higher quality rice, etc.)

The book provides an insight into the average lives of the poor – especially the issue of short term versus long term view. Much as there consensus on the political inclination of the writers of this book, the book was objective in each of their examples; also exploring the arguments of the economists who have opposite views (I could be accused of confirmation bias in picking this book considering my alignment with the economists in terms of politics).

The first part took us through the world of the poor and even dispelled some of the popular notions that schemes are difficult to implement among the poor because of illiteracy or ignorance whereas their beliefs triggering resistance are often traded for a small welfare measure (like a bag of lentils for vaccinating your child).

The second part on institutions was the weaker section of the book, where the authors explore microfinance, policies and the politics that surround it and, entrepreneurs (both success stories and otherwise). The analysis was less on the institutions and seemed like an extension of the first part of the book where the authors had yet again analysed on the impact on individual lives based on the aid extended by the institution. While I understand that through these randomised controlled trials, it ultimately resorts to analysing individual lives, the title was a misnomer which gave me a different expectation.

A strength as well as a weakness of this book was that it was simplified. You do not need a degree in economics to understand or appreciate the book and you are not overloaded with equations or incomprehensible curves and the graphs used were explained in detail by the authors. However, I would have liked it better if they had used more illustrations to demonstrate some of their results. Someone who is well versed with economics might have felt that the book lacked the depth.

The book did not promise any solutions and in fact, the title of the concluding chapter is In Place of a Sweeping Conclusion. For those who do not have much experience or knowledge about life in developing countries, this book could provide insights – on both the economic and social factors that come into play.

On that note, I would award the book a rating of eight on ten.

Rating – 8/10

Have a nice day,
Andy